Apparatus for making animated cartoons



` April u, 1939.

A. W. TONDREAU APPARATUS FOR MAKING ANIMATED CARTOONS Filed July 5, 1935 5 Smets-sheet 1 INVENTOR. ALBERT W To/vDQEAU ATTORNEY.

April l1, 1939'. A. w. TONDREAU APPARATUS FOR MAKING ANIMATED CARTOONS Filed 'July 5, 1935 5 sheets-sheet l V I //////////47/1 April 11, 1939. A. w, TONDREAU APPARATUS FOR MAKING ANIMATED CARTOONS Filed July 5, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEY.

April 11, 1939. AA w. TONDREAU APPARATUS FOR MAKING ANIMATED CARTOONS Filed July 5, 1955 5 sheets-sheet 4 INVENTOR. ALBEQT W. TONDQEAU April 1l, 1939. A. w. ToNDREAu 2,153,902

PPRATUS FOR MAKING ANIMATED CARTOONS Filed July 5. 1935 5 Sheets--Sheet 5 I INVENTOR. ALBERT W. ToNDRa-Au ATTORNEY.

Patented Apr. 1939 PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR MAKING .AN IMATED CARTOONS Albert W. Tondreau, Hollywood, Calif., assignor to Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application July 5, 1935, Serial No. 29,789

13 Claims.

l depicted on the drawings.

Usually, pictures of this type comprise one orv more objects which move in relation to a background. The background is in most cases drawn or painted on a sheet much longer than the picture to be photographed, The objects which are to be represented as moving are drawn upon a series of separate transparent sheets, usually of Celluloid. The areas within the outlines of the objects are made'opaque such as by the use of solid paint on the bottom side of the Celluloid sheet to prevent the background from showing through the object. The cartoons` are then photographed in their proper sequence in superposed relation with the background strip.

One object of the present invention is to move a plurality of cartoon drawings relative to each other and in a predetermined relation.

This is accomplished by providing a table having thereon a series of cartoon carriers which are independently movable in relation to each other. One of the cartoon carriers is placed so as to move a cartoon in a transverse direction in respect to the other carriers. To insure a predetermined relation between the various cartoons, scales and indexing devices areprovided.

Another object of the invention is to prevent blurring or halation of the cartoons.

This is accomplished by providing av presser plate of glass or other transparent rigid material which is clamped upon the cartoon drawing by a pressure device controlled by the operator. Preferably a fluid operated plunger is employed having a valve cooperating therewith for controlling its operation.

During the process of photographing an entir animated cartoon serial, a greater or less number of superposed transparent cartoon drawings maybe used at` each photographic exposure. That is, for example, only one Celluloid sheet may be used in one scene while in a second scene, three or four may be used. The result is that the photographing of a large number of cartoon sheets iny superposed position will require a stronger amount of lightv than when only one or two sheets are used, due to the density of each of the Celluloid sheets.

Heretofore, this change in light intensity has been achieved by providing a rheostat in the lamp circuit. This requires a rather delicate adjustment and also necessitates calibration of the rheostat for diierent numbers of sheets thus allowing for errors in adjustment of the lamp current. It therefore becomes a further object of my invention to keep the photographic exposure intensity the saine for different numbers of superposed Celluloid sheets used.

This is accomplished by superposing blank Celluloid sheets Orother transparent material having an appreciable amount of densityon these sets of drawings in which the scene to be photographed requires only a small number of transparent cartoon sheets. In using the same material throughout, i. e., Celluloid, the photographic exposure intensity may be maintained at the same value for each series of scenes by keeping the number of sheets the same. That is, in scenes employing only a few transparent drawings, blank sheets are added until the total number is the same as for other series. This constitutes a quick and accurate method of regulating the photographic exposure intensity so that it will remain the same in all scenes. Obviously, this method may also be used to vary the photographic exposure intensity as desired.

A still further object of my invention is to adjust the position of the cartoons in respect to the optical axis of the camera.

This is accomplished by yproviding means to rotate the cartoon supporting tablel about an axis parallel to the optical axis of the camera. Also, the table may be adjusted angularly in respectl to the movement of the cartoon carriers and in the same plane thereof to give various eliects.

A further feature of the invention resides in a focusing device cooperating with the camera which may be conveniently viewed by the operator while the camerais placed in an awkward position.

Provision is also made to retain one or more transparent sheets, either blank or having picture parts thereon against the presser plate to obviate handling of these sheets at each exposure.

Other objects and ,features of the invention will be more apparent from the accompanying detailed description and drawings. now to the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a side elevation view of an animated Referring cartoon machine constructed in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 2 is a front elevation view of the animated cartoon machine.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the cartoon carrying table with parts broken off.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view through the cartoon table and is taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view through the indexing arrangement and is taken along the line 5-5 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken through theV presser plate operating plunger.

Fig. 7 is a sectional plan view of the camera support and is taken along the line 1-1 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation view taken along the line 8 8 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line 9 9 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the focusing arrangement for the camera and is taken along the line Ill-III of Fig. 1.

Fig. 11 is a sectional View of the lock which is adapted to hold the camera in a threading position and is taken along the line II--II of Fig. l.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary sectional view of the' camera raising mechanism and is taken along the line I2-I2 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view showing one of the blank sheet retaining members and is taken along the line I3-I3 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken along the line I 4-I4 of Fig. 3 showing means for clamping Aa cartoon strip upon a cartoon carrier.

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of a cartoon holding slide.

Fig. 16 is a side elevational view of the cartoon table column and is taken in the direction of the arrow I 5, Fig. 2.

Fig. 17 is a sectional view through the four-way valve adapted to operate the presser plate operating plunger.

Figs, 18-21, inclusive, are tic plan views of the cartoon carrying table showing various arrangements for producing relative motion between a series of cartoons.

Fig,` 22 is a diagrammatical section view taken along the line 22-22 of Fig. 21 showing an arrangement for moving one of the cartoons in a direction perpendicular to the movement of a' second cartoon.

More particularly referring to Figs. 1 and 2. a cartoon carrying table generally indicated at I is mounted upon a column 2 which in turn is supported upon a bed 3. A motion picture camera 4 is supported directly above the table I within a camera support 5. The support 5 is sildably mounted upon a standard 5 which is also secured at its lower end upon the bed 3. Y

Referring nowtoFlgs. 3 and 4,apresserplate 1 is provided at the center of the table I to clamp the cartoons in position upon a rubber pad I and prevent halation due to wrinkling of the Celluloid sheets. The ends of the plate 1 are secured within end braces or frames 5 and 3.

Il and II provided at the central portions of the braces 5 and 3 are journaled upon pins-I2 and I2' mountedv at the outer ends of a pair of arms I3 and I4. The other ends of the arms I3 and I4 are rigidly mounted as by pins I3' and I4' upon a cross shaft I5 which is Journaled in bearings I5 and I1 secured to the upper surface of the table I. Athlrdarm Ilalsorigidlysecured to theshait IIiscOnnectedatitsouterendasby 'bracket 23 which is secured as by bolts 30 to the under surface of the table I. A packing gland 3l is provided on the cylinder head 25 to prevent leakage of air along the sides of the plunger rod 2li. The lower cylinder head 32 is also threadably secured to the cylinder 22 and has a stop screw 33 at its central portion which may be adjusted to limit the downward stroke of the piston 2|. Nipples and 35 are threadably secured within the cylinder heads 25 and 32 and communicate with openings 23 and 24. Air hoses 31 and 35 are secured to the nipples 35 and 35. The other ends of the hoses 31 and 33 communicate with a fourway valve generally indicated at 33 (Fig. 17) Nipples 4l and 4I carried by the ends of the hoses 31 and 35 are threadably secured within diametrically opposed openings 42 and 43 provided within'a valve casing 44. A rotatable valve 45 within the casing 44 has a pair of arcuate passages 45 and 41 therein. 'Ihe openings 45 and 41 are adapted, in one position of the valve, to connect the passages 42 and 43 with similar passages 45 and 45, respectively, provided at right angles thereto. Passage 45 is open at its outer end to allow for escape of air from either of the hoses 31 or depending upon the position of the valve 45. The passage 43 communicates with a supply hose 55 which is connected to any suitable source of air pressure, not shown, such as a pump or pressure tank. As will be seen in Fig. 17, the e 41 (in this position of the valve 45) supplies air to the hose 31 and thus to the upper portion of the cylinder 22. Rotation of the valve 45 to a position at 90 degrees from its original position, as indicated by the dotted lines 45', will allow the air from the upper portion of the cylinder 22 to be expelled lntothe atmosphere and at the same time admit air under pressure from the hose 55 into the lower portion of the cylinder 22 through the hose u. Thus it win be seen that the plunger rod 25 may be positively moved in either an upward or downward direction to hold the presser plate 1 in an engaged or disengaged position. Rotation of the valve is accomplished through a lever 5I secured thereto as shown in Fig. 16. Ihe other end of lever 5I is pivotally secured to a rod 52 pivotally mounted upon the free'end of a foot pedal 53. Pedal 53 is hinged at 54 to the lower end of a column 55. The upper end of the column 55 has a flange 55V secured thereon through which the `column 55 is supported by bolts 55 to the lower surface of the table I. A tension spring 51 attached between the pedal 53 and a point intermediate the ends of the standard 55 tends to hold the pedal 53 in an upwardposition and thus keep the presser plate 1 in the disengaged position 1 When the pedal 53 is depressed by the operator, the valve 45 is rotated into the position shown by the dotted lines of Fig. 17 thus causing the plunger rod 25 to be raised, holding the presser plate 1 in the full line position shown in Fig. 1.

Channels and 5I (Fig. 3) provided on the upper surface oi the table I have cartooncarrying slides or carriers 52 and 53 slideably mounted therein. Eachoftheslidesn and 53 hasformed at its bottom surface a gear rack 64 (Figs. 4, 5, and 14) The rack teeth of the slide 63 are adapted to be meshed by a small spur gear 65 provided on the end of a shaft 66 (Fig. 4). Shaft 66 is journaled within bearings 61 and 68 mounted within a cavity 251 formed in the bottom of the table I, and has a bevel gear 69 at its opposite end which meshes with a similar gear 10 (Fig. 3) at the end of a second shaft 1|. A bevel gear 12 at the end of the shaft 1| meshes within another bevel gear 13 (Fig. 5) provided on a vertical stub shaft 14. A handle 15 is rigidly secured as by pin 15' to the upper surface of the shaft 14 and` carries at its outer end a plunger 16. The lower end of the plunger 16 has a wedge-shaped point which is adapted to be engaged within anyone of a number of radially extending notches 11A provided in an indexing plate 18. Screws 16.' securely hold the plate 18 within a recessed portion of the table I. A compression spring 19 urges the plunger 16 in a downward position. A knob 80 secured to the upper end of the plunger 16 has a lip 8| at one side thereof which normally rests in a. similarly shaped detent provided on a projection 82 of the handle 15: In the event that the operator does not wish to employl the plunger 16 for obtaining an indexing movement, knob 80 may be raised until the lip 8| is above the upper surfacel of the projection 82 and then rotated, thus allowthe shaft 14 or 85.

ing the lower edge of the lip 8| to rest on the surface of the projection 82 and hold the plunger 16 out of engagement with the indexing plate 18.

A secondindexing plate 83 (Flg. 3) is provided adjacent the plate 18 and is identical thereto. A handle 84 similar to the handle 15 is secured to the upper portion of a stub shaft 85 having a bevel gear 86 at its lower end which meshes with a second bevel gear 81 provided on the end of la laterally extending shaft 88. Rotation of the shaft 88 causes a similar rotation of a second shaft 89 through a bevel gear arrangement 90. A second bevel gear arrangement 9| transmits motion to a third shaft 92 (Fig. 4) having a spur gear 95 thereon. Shaft 92 isrjournaled withinv bearings 96 and 91. From the above description, it will be seen that rotation vof either of the handles 15 and 84 will cause a longitudinal movement of either of the slides 62 and 63, respectively, to thus move the cartoons attached to the slides 62 and 63 in a desired direction relative to each other.

Spacers 259 and 260 are provided on the indexing plates 18 and 83 to indicate the correct angular movement of the handles 15 and 84 for each setting. Each of the spacers` 259 and 260 comprises a pair of disks 26| and 262 having apertures in the center thereof which fit over Arms 263 and 264 project from the disks 25| and 262. The disks are clamped together by means of a screw 265 which passes through an arcuate slot 266 in the upper disk 26|, and is `threadably mounted in the lower disk 262. The angular position of the arms 263 and 264 in relation to each other may be adjusted by loosening the screw 265 and rotating one of the disks a desired amount in respect to the other. When thespacers 259 and 260 are used, the operator rotates the desired spacer until one of the arms (i. e., 263) is brought in contact with the plunger 16. The handle 15 or 84, whichever vthe case may be, is then rotated until the plunger contacts the arm 264 which will give the correct distance. To obtain the next setting, the spacer is again rotated until the arm 263 comes in contact with 'the plunger 16 and the handle 15 or 84 is then rotated as before until the plung- A er 16 comes in contact with the arm 264, etc.

Removable pins 98 and 99 inserted within holes provided in the slides 62 and 63 are adapted to be inserted within registering holes providedinthe 5 cartoons to thus hold the cartoons in an aligned position. In the event that either of the slides 62 or 63 is to be used to carry a background strip, clamps |00 (Fig. 14), provided at the opposite ends of each of the slides 62 and 63, may be used. l0

Each of the clamps |00 comprises a U-shaped assembly |0I heldtogether by a screw |02. The lower member |03 of the assembly |0| is secured tothe upper surface of the slide 62 or 63 as by a screw |04. A knurled clamp screw |05 is thread- 1I ably mounted through an upper cross member |06 and is adapted to clamp the cartoon strip upon the upper surface of the member |03.

In case any of the cartoons are to be held stationary while the slides 62 and 63 are moved, .a 20

engage registering holes provided in the cartoon 25 sheets. Ears and ||2 at the back of each of the members |01 and |08 are pivotally mounted to ears ||3 and ||4 secured to the upper surface of the table I. In the event that these members |01 and |08 are not to be used, they may be 30 moved out of the way as shown by the dotted lin'es ||5 of Fig. 4.

A pair of rollers ||6 and |I1 (Figs. 1,2 and 4) vare journaled at their ends within brackets IIB,

||8. ||9, and ||9 provided on the lowerfsurface 36 of the table Slots I|6' and |I1' are provided longitudinally of the rollers I6 and ||1 to secure the ends of a background strip in the event that atransversely moving background is employed.

Vertical slots |20 and I 2| provided in the table 40 allow the background strip to be fed from either of the rollers ||6 or I|1 upward and onto the upper surface of the table. and thence down onto the other of the rollers I I6 and ||1. Knobs 258 (Fig. 2) on the right hand ends of the rollers 46 ||6 and ||1 are provided to allow for moving the background strip.

A second series vof channels |22, |23, |24,- and are provided adjacent the channels vPins l0 |25 (Fig. 3) y 60 and 6| to receive slides |26 (Fig. 15). |21 and |28 extending upward from the slides |26 are adapted to be engaged within registering Y holes provided in the cartoons or background strip. These slides |26 are .adapted to be placed within either of the channels I22-|25, inclusive.

and may be indexed by means of scales |28' (Fig.

As was stated before, different scenes require a different number of superposed Celluloid sheets.

`Due to the fact that the density of .each of the` W Celluloid sheets cuts down to some extent the intensity of the light projected upon the cartoons, it will be understood that in scenes where only a few Celluloid sheets are used, the photographic value will be much higher than in those in which 66 a considerable number of sheets are used. In order to compensate for this increase in intensity, two methods may be used: either the intensity of the illumination may be increased, or

the number of Celluloid sheets may be-kept the 70 same throughout the entire movement of scenes by adding a suilicient number of blank sheets. Due to the fact that control of the illumination is rather uncertain, the most desirable way to accomplish this is to employ the same number 16 of Celluloid sheets at all times. For this purpose,

- 5. A compression (Fig. 13) at either end of the braces 8 and 8. A counter-bored hole 3| receives a stem |32 of the plunger |30. The lower end of the stem |32 has an enlarged head |33 which is adapted to engage any number of blank Celluloid sheets as at |34 and hold them to the under surface of the presser plate 1. A compression spring |35 seated at one end against the shoulder |36 of the counter-bored hole |3| presses against a thumb piece |31 to hold the head |33 in clamping position.

Referring now to Figs. l and 2, the cartoon table is supported upon its column 2 through a spider |38 which is secured to the lower surface of the table l through bolts |38. The bottom portion of the spider |38 is formed into an annular base |40 having a depending lip 4| which is seated upon a similarly shaped upper surface of the column 2. A scale |42 provided on the column 2 is adapted to register with an indexing line point |43 on the spider |38. AV clamping screw |45 is passed through an aperture |41 in the central portion of the spider |38 and is threadably secured at |48 to the upper surface of the column 2.

The table is adapted to be moved in-a transverse direction by means of a dove-tailed slide arrangement generally indicated at |48. A dovetailed slot |50 on the lower end of the column 2 is adapted to slide within a similarly shaped guideway |5| provided on a base |52 formed integrally with the bed 3. A screw |53 is journaled at its ends |54 and |55 within the column 2 and has securely mounted at its forward end a hand wheel |56. The screw |53 engages an internally threaded projection |51 forming part, of the base |52;

Referring now to Figs. 1, 7, 8, and 9, the camera 4 is mounted upon a supporting plate |60 havingdove-tailed surfaces |6| at the sides thereof. Plate |68 is adapted to slide within guide surfaces |62 providedwithin acasting |63. Casting |63 has a pair of upwardly extending lugs |64 and |65 having apertures therein which are fitted over a cross shaft |66; Pins |64' and |65' hold the casting |63 rigid upon the shaft |66. Shaft |66 is journaled within bearings |61 and |61 provided in the sides |68 and |68 of the camera support 5. A handle |10 is securely mounted to the central portion of the shaft |66 as by pin |1|. Rotation of the handle |10 causes the camera 4 to be raised into a horizontal position to allow access to the film magazine of the camera 4 for threading. In order to hold the camera 4 in the threading position, a locking member |12 (Fig. 11) is provided. A plunger |73 is slidably mounted within a counter-bored hole |14 provided in a boss |15 formed integrally with side |68 of the support spring |16 forces the plunger |13 into an extended position. When the camera 4 is raised, the plunger |13 is retracted by means of a knob |11 provided on the end thereof to allow the camera 4 to pass thereby. The knob |11 then allowed to retract allowing the' under surface of the camera, as indicated by the dotted lines |18, to rest upon the upper surface of the extending portion of the plunger |13.

I will now describe the mechanism for focusing the camera 4 upon the cartoon table The supporting plate |60 has a longitudinal groove |18 therein to which is secured at its upper portion a rack |80 (Figs. 8 and 9) which extends the 75 entire length of the supporting plate |68. y A spur gear |8| is secured to a stub shaft |82 and meshes with the rack |80. Shaft |82 has a'handle |88 secured to its outer end and is journaled within a bearing |84 provided in the casting |68. Rotation of the handle |88 causes the camera 4 to be moved from photographing position into a focusing position or vice versa as indicated by the dotted lines |85 (Fig. 7). Focusing of the camera is accomplished by means of a focusing tube |86 (Figs. 7 and 10). The turret support |81 of the camera 4 carries a prism holder 88 in which is mounted a prism |88. The focusing tube |86 is also supported by the prism holder |88 and contains a series of lenses and an eye-piece |8|. The objective lens 82 mounted in a rotatable turret |81 is adapted to be moved into alignment with the prism |88 when focusing, to allow the image of the cartoon picture to be reflected into the focusing tube |86 where it may be received by the operator. A stop |88 (Fig. 8) is provided to insure correct positioning of the camera 4 in photographing and focusing positions and consists of a spring pressed plunger |84 provided within a counter-bored hole |85 formed within the casting |68. Plunger |84 is adapted to be engaged within either of a pair of holes |86 and |81 (Fig. 9).

When the camera is to be focused, the plunger |84 is withdrawn and the handle |88 is rotated so as to throw the camera 4 into the focusing position shown by the dot and dash lines |85 (Fig. 7) at which time the plunger will engage the hole |81. 'Ihe turret |81 is rotated until the ob- Jective lens |82 is brought into alignment with the prism |88. The camerais then focused in the usual manner by viewing the cartoon table through the eye piece 8| and rotating the lens |82 until the image is in sharp focus. When this is accomplished, the plunger |84 is again retracted and the camera thrown over to its photographing position. At the same time, the turret |81 is revolved to bring the lens |82 into alignment with the photographing aperture of the camera 4. The support 5 has a pair of vertical dove-tailed surfaces |88 and |88 at its rear end which are adapted to engage a pair of dovetailed surfaces 280 and 20| provided on the forward edge of the standard 6. The surface |88 is formed by a strip 202 which is secured to the support 5 by bolts 203. A pair of lugs 284 and 288 (Fig. 1) project from the standard 6 adjacent the upper and lower ends of the dove-tailed guides |88 and |88 and have secured thereto, as by pins 281 and 288, the ends of a screw 286. Screw 286 is engaged by a threaded bevel gear member 288 (Figs 7 and l2) which has a pair of extending bearing portions 2|8 and 2l| on either side there-- of. Portions 2|8 and 2|| are journaled within bushings 2|2 and 2|3 securely mounted within clamping pieces 2|4 and 2|5. Each o1' these clamping pieces 2|4 and 2|6 comprises a pair of semi-circular members 2|6 and 2|1 which are se cured as by bolts 2|8 (Fig. 7) to irregularly shaped brackets 2|8 and 228 formed on the rear wall of the support 5. Thrust bearings 288a and 288b are provided above and below the bevel gear 288 to carry the weightof the camera and its support and also to take up the thrust imposedby the gear 288. Bevel gear 288 meshes'with a second bevel gear 22| secured as by a key to theend of a shaft 224. A hand wheel 226 provided on the outer end of the shaft 224 allowsl for adjustment of the camera 4 in a vertical plane. Shaft 224 is journaled within a bushing 226 which is secured within a bracket 221 having a cap piece bevel gear 22|.

226 mounted thereon. A thrust washer 228 is provided to take up the thrust imposed by the A counter-weight 230 is provided tocounter-balance the weigth of the camera 4 and its accompanying support 5 and thus provide a'smoother and easier movement thereof. A cable 23| is attached at one end to the weight 230 and is passed around a pair of pulleys 232 and 233 and is secured to the upper end of the camera support -5 in any suitable manner.

The camera 4 although of the motion picture type is preferably provided with a stop motion, not shown, which is generally used in the art of taking animated cartoon pictures. In this type of mechanism, the camera takes only one picture at a time and is actuated by a push button 234 (Fig. 2) provided on the undersurface of the table I. Connection between the button 234 and the stop motion mechanism of the camera 4 may be made through an electric conduit 235.

In the operation of the machine, a series of cartoons are secured to any of the cartoon carriers heretofore described. Any number of arrangements maybe made, examples of which are shown in the diagrammatic views of Figs. 18-21, inclusive. For example, in Fig. 18, a background strip or carrier 236 may be secured by the clamping pieces |00 to the'slide 62. The strip 236 in this case would be opaque and would have thereon a background scene 236' such as a landscape. A cartoon 231 having thereon an animated object 236 is formed of celluloid o r other suitable transparent material` and is superimposed upon the background strip 236. Cartoon 231 has a pair of registering holes 239 which are adapted to be engaged by the pins 96 provided on the slide v63. After one frame is photographed, a second cartoon depicting the next step in the action of the object 236 is placed upon the pins 96 replacingthe `preceding cartoon. At the same time, the slide 62 is moved a desired amount so as to show relative motion between the object 236 and the background 236. If the object 236 isto be kept in the center of the picture, the slide 63, carrying the Celluloid cartoon 231, is allowed to remain stationary at all times. If, however, the. object 236 is to be shown as passing from one side of the picture to the other, the slide 63 is moved in the proper direction relative to the background scene. Any combination of movements of the background =strip and cartoon relative to each other may thus be accomplished to give a desired result to the picture.

A further combination of cartoons is illustrated in Fig. 19. In this case, the background strip or carrier 24,0 is secured to the slides |26 (described in connection with Fig. mounted within the channels |22 and |24. A scale |26' may be provided to move the strip 240 a pre-determined amount for each photograph. A pair of celluloid cartoon sheets 242 and 243 are provided in this instance and are secured to the pins 66 and 59 of the slides 62,and 63. In this case, relative movement between two objects 245 and 246, one placed on each sheet, may be depicted and this combination may be shown as moving relative to the; background 246.

Fig. '20 showsr an arrangement wherein the members |61 and |06 (Fig. 3) are used to hold the cartoons 241 and 246 in a stationary position. The background strip 249 in this case is secured to the slide 62 in a manner identical with that shown in Fig, 18. In this instance, each series of the cartoons 241 and 246 are held in the same position at all times or in other words. are held at the center of the picture while the background strip 2 43 may be moved relative thereto or also allowed to remain stationary.

Figs, 21 and 22 show an arrangement wherein an object 256 provided on a cartoon 25| may be depicted as moving vertically in respect to the background strip 252. In this case, use is made of the rolls ||6 and ||1 (Figs. 4 and 22) on which the background strip 252 is rolled. A scale 253 is placed on the top of the table at one side of the background strip or carrier 252 and is adapted to register with indexing points 254 provided along the edge of the strip 252 and thus allow a predetermined positioning of the background` strip 252 to be made. By providing the cartoon 25| upon the movable slide 62, any suitable combination of movements of the cartoon 25| and background strip 252 may be provided relative to each other.

It will be understood, of course, that any number of combinations of the above noted arrangements may be utilized to provide new and pleasing results.

In the operation of the machine, light from a pair of suitable lamps 255 and 256 (Fig. 2) is focused upon the cartoons through the presser plate 1. The pedal 53 is depressed thus clamping the presser plate 1 onto the various cartoons to hold them flat and prevent halation. The button 234 is then pressed permitting one frame of the motion picture lrn within the camera 4 to be exposed and at the same time automatically moving a succeeding frame into photographing position. The pedal 53 is then allowed to be retracted into its original position by the spring 51 to allow the presser plate to be moved into its retracted position as shown by the dotted lines of i Fig. 1. 'I'he handles 15 and 84 of the indexing arrangements 16 and 63 are then set to move the various cartoons a certain predetermined amount and other cartoons, if provided, are also moved into their next positions. The pedal 53 is again depressed and the button 234 is pressed to complete a second cycle of operation.

In the event that it is desired to photograph a cartoon at an angle as; for example, to show an object running up a hill, the tab1e| is angularly adjusted on its column by unloosening the clamping screw |45 and rotating the table a desired number of degrees as shown by the scale.|42. The hand wheel |56 may be used to move the table laterally and thus center the cartoon in combinations of transparent sheets having pictures thereon and while maintaining a substantially constant source of illumination for said drawings comprising a support for said sheets having drawings, a movable transparent presser plate therefor, a holder for said plate, and means comprising a plurality of spring pressed plungers on each side of said holder, each of said plungers having an' operating member at the top of said holder and having a sheet retaining head on the bottom of said presser plate for removably retaining a number of blank transparent sheets against said presser plate whereby the opening of said presser plate moves said blank sheets out intensity of photographic exposure for different of photographing position to permit re-arrangement of the picture sheets on said support without handling the blank sheets on said presser plate.

2. A device for supporting pictures to be photographed comprising the combination of a camera and a picture support therebelow, a transparent presser plate for said picture support, a hinge, a frame for said plate connected to said hinge, a member mounted on said hinge for swinging said presser plate, and means for operating said member to swing said plate away from said support, to press said plate towards said support, and to maintain said plate pressed against the pictures on said support during the photographing thereof, said member and said means being out of the field of view of said camera when said plate is in photographing position, and said member and said means providing access to said picture support when said plate is swung away from said support.

3. A device for supporting pictures to be photographed according to claim 2 wherein said member comprises a lever projecting away from `said frame, and wherein said means comprises a fluid pressure operated device for operating said lever.

4. A device for supporting pictures to be photographed comprising a picture support, a transparent presser plate therefor, a holder for said plate, a shaft laterally spaced `from said plate, bearings for said shaft, a pair of arms connected to said shaft and terminating adjacent the middle of said plate, a pivotal connection between said arms and said plate holder, a lever connected to said shaft and extending away from said plate, a pressure cylinder below the level of said picture support, a driving connection between' said cylinder and said lever, and a control valve for said cylinder.

5. A device for supporting pictures to be photographed comprising the combination of a camera and a picture support therebelow, a transparent presser plate for said picture support having a front edge movable toward and away from said support and a back edge adjacent a pivotal axis, a shaft in said axis and bearings for said shaft, side members for holding said plate, a hinge member pivotally connected to each of said side members and fixed to said shaft, and means positioned adjacent the back edge of said plate for swinging said plate toward and away from said picture support and for maintaining said plate pressed against the pictures on said support during the photographing thereof.

6. Photographic apparatus comprising the combination of a bed, a column on said bed, means for transversely adjusting said column with respect to said bed, a circular bearing at the top of said column, a table support rotatably carried by said bearing, means for locking said table support to the top of said column in adjusted position, a picture table carried by said table support, and a transparent presser plate hinged to said picture table, and means independent of said column, said table support and said table for supporting a camera in photographing relation to said picture table.

7. Photographic apparatus comprising the' from said bed, a circular bearing at the top of said column, a spider rotatably mounted in said bearing, means for adjustably clamping said spider to said column, a picture support carried by said spider, a transparent presser plate at the top of said picture support, means for mounting said presser plate for movement toward and away from said picture support, a camera support, means for mountingssaid camera support on said standard for vertical movement, and means on said camera support for supporting a vcamera over said presser plate.

8. Photographic apparatus according to claim 7 comprising means below said circular bearing for transversely adjusting the position ofl said column.

9. A device for supportingpictures to be photographed comprising a column having a circular bearing at the top thereof, a spider rotatably carried b y said bearing and having upwardly extending legs, a clamping screw passing through said spider and 'the top of lsaid column and having a handle accessible through the space between said legs, a picture support mounted on said legs and a transparent presser plate at the top of said picture support.

10. A device for supporting pictures to be photographed according to claim 9. comprising spaced parallel picture strip apertures in said picture support adjacent the front and back edges respectively of said presser plate when the same is adjacent said picture support, and picture strip supply and take-up reels for said apertures and mounted below said picture support between the legs of said spider.

11. A device for supporting pictures to be pho- 4tographed comprising vthe combination of a table, a pad thereon, a transparent presser plate, means for mounting said plate for movement to and from said pad, a channel forsaid table, a slide in Ysaid channel adaptedto carry a picture sheet over said pad, a rack in said channel on said slide, a pinion for said rack, a handle at the front o1' said table, an operating connection between said handle and said pinion, a shaft for said handle, and a pair of stops individually and collectively adjustable about said shaft as a center and a co-operating stop on said handle for indexing the movement of said handle through a desired angle.

12. Photographic apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said independent means comprises a second column on said base at one side of said rst column with a camera support longitudinally adjustable on said `second column and comprising means for supporting a camerafin photographing relation to the top of said table.

13. Photographic apparatus comprising a bed, a vertical column on said bed, means for transversely adjusting said column with respect to said bed, a circular bearing at the top of said column, a table support rotatably carried by said bearing. means for locking said table support to the top of said column in adjusted position, a horizontal picture table carried by said table support, a transparent presser plate hinged to said picture table. a second vertical column fixed to said base and arising therefrom at one side of said first column, and a camera support vertically adjuntable on said second column and comprising means for supporting a camera in photographing relation to the top of said table.

Y ALBERT W. 'DONDE-EAU. 

